Hair Loss in Women: Common Causes and How to Stop It

Hair loss is a common concern for both men and women, but the experience can be particularly distressing for women. In this article, we’ll explore the various causes of alopecia in women, common symptoms to watch out for, and effective treatments to help prevent and manage the condition.

What Is Hair Loss in Women?

Hair loss is the gradual thinning or loss of hair from the scalp, which can impact an individual’s self-esteem and confidence. Also known as alopecia, although common in men, it can occur in women for a variety of reasons. While it’s normal to shed some hair each day, excessive hair loss may indicate an underlying issue that requires the attention of a healthcare professional.

Hair Loss Symptoms

The signs of hair loss in women can differ depending on what is causing it. However, some common signs to be on the lookout for include [1]:

• overall thinning: Hair loss in women often arises as an overall thinning of the hair, where its density gradually decreases across the scalp. This is commonly observed as a reduction in volume and coverage;
• receding hairline: Some females notice a receding hairline. In such cases, the hairline gradually moves backward from the forehead, creating a more prominent forehead or a higher hairline;
• bald patches: Bald patches or areas with significant hair loss may develop on the scalp. These patches can vary in size and may be localized or occur across a larger area across the scalp;
• handfuls of hair: Alopecia may occur during regular activities such as brushing, styling, or washing hair. Many women often experience this after experiencing physical or emotional trauma. They often find clumps of their hair in their brushes or on their pillows;
• changes in hair texture: Alopecia can lead to changes in the texture of the remaining hair. Sometimes, females may notice their hair assuming a finer texture or an increase in brittleness or dryness. This often makes the hair appear weaker and more prone to breakage;
• psychological challenges: Alopecia can have a significant impact on a woman’s emotional well-being and self-esteem. It may cause feelings of depression or anxiety, especially if the hair loss is noticeable;
• full loss: In extreme cases, alopecia may progress to complete baldness, where there is a total loss of hair on the scalp. This can have severe effects on a woman’s appearance and self-confidence.

If you observe any of these symptoms, it’s important to seek help from a professional healthcare provider for proper evaluation and diagnosis. Determining the main cause of the thinning and falling off of your hair can help doctors determine the most suitable treatment options and manage the condition effectively.

What Types of Hair Loss Do Women Experience?

Women experience various forms of alopecia. However, some classify them into 3 main types, including [2]:

• Androgenetic alopecia: Androgenetic alopecia, often termed female pattern hair loss, stands as the prevailing type of alopecia among women. Its hallmark is the gradual thinning of hair, commonly observed on the top and crown of the scalp. Androgenetic alopecia is hereditary and often influenced by hormonal factors, such as androgens;
• Telogen Effluvium: Telogen effluvium is a temporary type of alopecia in females. It happens when many hair follicles enter a resting phase earlier than usual. This is usually triggered by events like childbirth, stress, certain medications, or surgery. It typically starts a few months after the triggering event and may last for several months before stopping;
• Anagen effluvium: This is a type of alopecia that occurs when follicles are in their active growth phase (anagen phase). It usually occurs after treatments such as chemotherapy, which often damage rapidly dividing cells, including follicles.

Other forms of alopecia in females include conditions like alopecia areata, cicatricial alopecia, and traction alopecia. Alopecia areata typically occurs when the immune system mistakes follicles for unwelcome intruders and attacks them. It is essentially an autoimmune condition and may progress to more extensive hair loss forms if left unattended.

Traction alopecia is a type of alopecia that often results from prolonged or repetitive tension or pulling on the follicles. It often becomes noticeable after making tight hairstyles, wearing hair extensions, or frequently using accessories that pull on the hair. Cicatricial alopecia occurs when follicles are destroyed and replaced by scar tissues, leading to irreversible hair loss. This type of alopecia can result from infections, autoimmune diseases, or inflammatory conditions [3].

Understanding the specific type of hair loss a woman may be experiencing is essential for determining the appropriate treatment approach and managing any contributing factors.

Common Causes of Hair Loss in Women

Hair thinning among women is often caused by varying factors, some of which include genetic predisposition, medical conditions, lifestyle factors, and hormonal changes. Here are some of the most common causes [4]:

1. Hormonal changes: Frequent changes in hormonal balance are a key contributor to alopecia in women. This includes hormonal changes associated with pregnancy, menopause, thyroid disorders, childbirth, and hormonal contraceptives. Imbalances in testosterone, progesterone, and estrogen lead to the shedding or thinning of hair by disrupting the growth cycle of the hair;
2. Medical conditions: Some specific healthcare issues like autoimmune diseases such as alopecia areata, as mentioned earlier; chronic illnesses such as lupus or diabetes; and scalp infections such as ringworm, can lead to sudden hair loss in women. Addressing the root cause of the health condition may aid in stopping hair loss and potentially foster regrowth;
3. Medications and treatments: Some drugs and medical procedures may trigger hair thinning and loss as a negative after-effect. These include radiation therapy, antidepressants, chemotherapy, beta-blockers, sexually transmitted infections, and drugs for acne. Hair thinning and dropping triggered by the use of meds is often temporary and reversible once the medication is discontinued or treatment is completed;
4. Stress: Emotional or psychological stress can trigger or exacerbate alopecia in some individuals. Stressful events, such as major life changes, chronic stress, or trauma, can disturb the natural cycle of hair growth and ultimately result in heightened hair shedding or thinning of hair. Using stress-reduction strategies and relaxation techniques such as mindfulness practices can be effective in halting the impact of stress on hair;
5. Nutritional deficiencies: Inadequate intake of essential nutrients, particularly protein, essential nutrients, and minerals (such as selenium and zinc) can have a significant influence on the thinning of hair. A balanced diet that provides essential nutrients is important for maintaining healthy hair growth;
6. Aging: Hair naturally becomes thinner and finer with age. Unlike in young women, the rate of hair growth decreases as the hair growth cycle slows, and follicles shrink in older women. Additionally, hormonal changes, particularly during menopause, can contribute to alopecia. But while aging-related alopecia is generally considered a normal part of the aging process, addressing any underlying healthy conditions and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can promote hair growth even as women age.

Identifying the root cause of alopecia is crucial for figuring out the most appropriate treatment approach and addressing any contributing factors. Visiting a dermatologist or professional healthcare provider can help identify the actual cause of your hair loss and get the best treatment plan tailored to your needs.

Effective Hair Loss Treatments for Women

The treatment for hair thinning and dropping in women may differ based on the causative factors and how severe they are. Here are some treatment options commonly used for women’s cases of alopecia [5][6]:

• prescription medications: In some cases, healthcare providers may prescribe oral medications to help treat sudden hair loss in women. Propecia for women is an oral medication that is often used off-label to treat excessive hair thinning and dropping in females. Its mechanism of action involves inhibiting dihydrotestosterone (DHT) — a hormone that plays a role in shrinking follicles and triggering alopecia. Many women have experienced significant improvements in hair growth and density with the use of this medication;
• lifestyle changes: Adopting healthy lifestyle habits can help support overall hair health and may complement other alopecia treatments. Maintaining a balanced diet rich in vitamins, protein, and minerals, avoiding harsh hairstyling practices, and managing stress levels are important factors that can foster the growth of healthy hair;
• hormone therapy: Hormonal imbalances, such as those linked to conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), can also cause alopecia among women. Typically, treatment options such as hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or other hormonal meds are prescribed to help restore hormonal balance and alleviate excessive hair thinning;
• Low-level laser therapy (LLLT): LLLT is a non-invasive remedy used for excessive hair thinning and falling. The treatment procedure involves focusing low-level laser light on the scalp. It’s worth noting that although effective, multiple treatment sessions are often required to achieve optimal results;
• topical minoxidil (Rogaine): Minoxidil is a topical medication available over the counter that is FDA-approved for treating alopecia. It works by promoting hair regrowth and slowing down further hair loss. Minoxidil is typically applied to the scalp two times per day, and its effects typically become noticeable after a couple of months;
• nutritional supplements: nutritional deficiencies can contribute to the falling off of hair in females, so supplementation with minerals, vitamins, and other nutrients may help support air health. Biotin (vitamin B7), iron, vitamin D, and zinc are among the nutrients commonly recommended.

For women grappling with alopecia, seeking guidance from a healthcare professional or dermatologist is important. By identifying the causative factors, they can recommend a personalized treatment plan that will address the issue effectively.

How to Prevent Hair Loss in Women?

Losing around 100 hairs a day is generally considered normal, but if you notice a significant increase in hair shedding or thinning, it may be time to consider preventive measures or a visit to the doctor. Here are some tips on how to stop hair loss in women [7][8]:

1. Maintain a balanced diet: Maintaining a balanced and nutritious diet plays a crucial role in fostering healthy hair growth. Try to incorporate foods high in iron, vitamin D, zinc, and biotin into your diet to prevent deficiencies. Be sure to eat plenty of vegetables, healthy fats, fruits, whole grains, and lean proteins;
2. Avoid tight hairstyles: As earlier mentioned, tight hairstyles such as braids, buns, ponytails, and extensions can exert tension on the follicles and lead to traction alopecia. Opting for looser hairstyles that place less stress on the hair and avoiding styles that pull on your hairline or scalp can help prevent hair loss;
3. Practice good hair care habits: Treat your hair with care and avoid doing things that can cause damage to the shaft and scalp. Use a mild shampoo and conditioner suitable for your hair type and avoid overwashing, which can strip the scalp of its natural oils;
4. Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption: Smoking and drinking too much alcohol can have detrimental effects on hair health and lead to thinning of the hair. Both smoking and heavy use of alcohol have been linked to oxidative stress, poor circulation, and inflammation, which can all impair hair growth;
5. Consult with a healthcare professional: If you are dealing with persistent or severe thinning and falling off of your hair or you notice sudden changes in your hair growth pattern, it’s important to consult with a dermatologist or healthcare professional.

Resume

Hair loss in women is quite common and typically has many underlying causes. By understanding the types, symptoms, and causes of alopecia, women who are experiencing it can manage and prevent further shedding. Effective treatments, including medications such as Propecia (finasteride) and natural remedies such as essential oils and dietary supplements, are available to foster hair growth and restore confidence. With proper care and attention, women can address hair loss and maintain healthy hair throughout their lives.

References

1. Hair Loss in Women: Causes, Prevention & Treatment. By The Healthline Editorial Team. Retrieved: March 16, 2024. Healthline.com.
2. Hair Loss in Women: Causes, Treatment & Prevention. Retrieved: March 16, 2024. My.clevelandclinic.org.
3. Female Hair Loss Types: Androgenetic Alopecia, Effluviums, & More. By WebMD Editorial Contributors. Retrieved: March 16, 2024. Webmd.com.
4. Causes of Hair Loss in Women: Medical Reasons and More. Written by Tammy Worth. Medically reviewed by Poonam Sachdev, MD. Retrieved: March 16, 2024. Webmd.com.
5. Treating Women’s Hair Loss: Rogaine, Medications, Estrogen, and More. Written by WebMD Editorial Contributors. Medically reviewed by Stephanie S. Gardner, MD. Retrieved: March 16, 2024. Webmd.com.
6. 10 ways of treating female hair loss. Written by Jon Johnson. Medically reviewed by Amanda Caldwell, MSN, APRN-C. Retrieved: March 16, 2024. Medicalnewstoday.com.
7. Hair Loss Prevention: 22 Tips to Help Save Your Hair. Written by Ashley Marcin. Medically reviewed by Cynthia Cobb, DNP, APRN, WHNP-BC, FAANP. Retrieved: March 16, 2024. Healthline.com.
8. Hair loss – Symptoms and causes. By Mayo Clinic Staff. Retrieved: March 16, 2024. Mayoclinic.org.